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An exchange transfusion is a medical treatment in which apheresis is used to remove one person's red blood cells or platelets and replace them with blood products. Exchange transfusion is used in the treatment of a number of diseases, including: *Sickle cell disease *Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) *Hemolytic disease of the newborn Partial exchange might be required for polycythemia. The technique was originally developed by Alexander Wiener, soon after he co-discovered the Rh Factor.〔() Alexander Wiener biography〕 ==Description== An exchange transfusion requires that the patient's blood can be removed and replaced. In most cases, this involves placing one or more thin tubes, called catheters, into a blood vessel. The exchange transfusion is done in cycles: each one usually lasts a few minutes. The patient’s blood is slowly withdrawn (usually about 5 to 20 mL at a time, depending on the patient’s size and the severity of illness) and a slightly larger amount of fresh, prewarmed blood or plasma flows into the patient's body. This cycle is repeated until the correct volume of blood has been replaced. After the exchange transfusion, catheters may be left in place in case the procedure needs to be repeated. In diseases such as sickle cell anemia, blood is removed and replaced with donor blood. In conditions such as neonatal polycythemia, a specific amount of the child’s blood is removed and replaced with normal saline, plasma (the clear liquid portion of blood), or an albumin solution. This decreases the total number of red blood cells in the body and makes it easier for blood to flow through the body. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Exchange transfusion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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